According to Huawei there are these types:
There are six connectivity-based business models for doing so, with more services provided and greater value obtained from each successive type of model.
Model 1 – IaaS: This model is the traditional M2M market. Operators sell SIM cards, but don’t know where or in what scenarios they’re used, and provide only general network guarantees and billing functionality. This very simple approach uses a data package sales model.
Model 2 – PaaS: The operator constructs a CMP for the IoT market, providing SIM card management services and offering customer-facing services like self-service allowance queries and top ups, and volume activation/shutdown. At this stage, the operator can also adopt a message-based billing method as well as the traditional one based on data usage. Because CMP provides a link to industry customers, operators can package cloud services on top of connectivity services and also move into the module market.
Model 3 – PaaS+: This typical platform model includes building an AEP that lets operators integrate Communications as a Service (CaaS) capabilities, like voice, SMS, video calls, and data storage, with third-party capabilities, such as voice semantic identification/control, image recognition, and maps. The operator can open these capabilities to developers and industry customers through cloud APIs. In addition to a billing model based on data usage or messages, customers can be billed according to API invocations or functions packages.
Model 4 – SaaS: The operator builds general-purpose industry suites by refining solutions for common industry requirements. Customers just need to do a small amount of development and customization to meet specific needs for different scenarios like smart homes, smart metering, or warehouse management. The billing model can be based on either the number of connected devices or the industry suite.
Model 5 – SaaS+: Similar to Model 4, but with an extra layer. The carrier provides connectivity as well as device and upper-layer application platforms, realizing the E2E integration of upstream and downstream ends of the chain. It participates in industry back-end O&M through service provision. By generating value for industry customers, the operator can acquire even higher returns and participate in value distribution through revenue sharing. This model suits new application scenarios in small-scale industries that are easier to enter but offer high value.
Model 6 – BaaS: This is the most advanced form of industry application. The operator obtains a business license and operates in a cross-sector manner.Links
https://www.huawei.com/nl/technology-insights/publications/huawei-tech/84/iot-business-models-telcos
