How to Achieve Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC) in CI Hydrogen Engines to Reduce NOₓ Emissions

In compression-ignition (CI) hydrogen engines, NOₓ forms primarily due to high combustion temperatures. Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies suppress peak temperatures, reducing NOₓ. Here are key methods: 1. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) 2. Lean-Burn Operation 3. Water/Steam Injection 4. Multiple Fuel Injections 5. Fuel Dilution 6. Combustion Chamber Design 7. Lower Compression…